1、用委托(Delegate)的BeginInvoke和EndInvoke方法操作线程
2、使用IAsyncResult.IsCompleted属性来判断异步调用是否完成
C# CancellationTokenSource 终止线程
ThreadStart是一个委托,这个委托的定义为void ThreadStart(),没有参数与返回值。
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadStart : MonoBehaviour { public string data = ""; public void Test () { StartCoroutine(ShowData()); DateTime time = DateTime.Now;//得到当前时间 Debug.Log("Begin " + time.Minute + ":" + time.Second); for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) { ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(Calculate); Thread thread = new Thread(threadStart); thread.Start(); } // Thread.Sleep(2000); // 此时Unity会卡死 time = DateTime.Now; Debug.Log("End " + time.Minute + ":" + time.Second); } public void Calculate() { DateTime time = DateTime.Now;//得到当前时间 Debug.Log("Calculate Begin" + time.Minute + ":" + time.Millisecond); for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) { Thread.Sleep(1000);//随机休眠一段时间 time = DateTime.Now; Debug.Log("Calculate i=" + i +" " + time.Minute + ":" + time.Second ); data = "i--" + i; } Debug.Log("Calculate End" + time.Minute + ":" + time.Millisecond); } IEnumerator ShowData() { while (true) { Debug.Log("data=" + data); yield return new WaitForSeconds(1F); } } }
[out]
data= Begin 54:20 Calculate Begin54:843 End 54:20 data= Calculate i=0 54:21 Calculate i=1 54:22 data=i--1 data=i--1 Calculate i=2 54:23 Calculate End54:857 data=i--2 data=i--2
ParameterThreadStart委托定义为void ParameterizedThreadStart(object state),有一个参数但是没有返回值。
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestParameterThreadStart : MonoBehaviour { public void Test () { DateTime time = DateTime.Now;//得到当前时间 Debug.Log("Begin " + time.Minute + ":" + time.Second); ParameterizedThreadStart tStart = new ParameterizedThreadStart(Calculate); Thread thread = new Thread(tStart); thread.Start("Hello");//传递参数 time = DateTime.Now; Debug.Log("End " + time.Minute + ":" + time.Second); } public void Calculate(object arg) { Debug.Log("Calculate arg=" + arg); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) { Thread.Sleep(1000);//随机休眠一段时间 Debug.Log("Calculate " + i + " " + DateTime.Now); } } }
[out]
Begin 2:0 Calculate arg=Hello End 2:0 Calculate 0 01/05/2017 17:02:01 Calculate 1 01/05/2017 17:02:02 Calculate 2 01/05/2017 17:02:03
使用线程类可以有多个参数与多个返回值,十分灵活!
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; public class TestThreadClass : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { StartCoroutine(OnTest()); } IEnumerator OnTest() { Ctl ctl = new Ctl(2); ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(ctl.Calculate); Thread thread = new Thread(threadStart); Debug.Log("[Main] [before] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState); thread.Start(); //等待线程结束 while (thread.ThreadState != ThreadState.Stopped) { Debug.Log("[Main] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState); yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.5f); } Debug.Log("[Main] [end] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState); Debug.Log("[Main] ctl.Result=" + ctl.Result); } public class Ctl { public int Parame { set; get; }//参数 public int Result { set; get; }//返回值 //构造函数 public Ctl(int parame) { this.Parame = parame; } //线程执行方法 public void Calculate() { for(int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) { Thread.Sleep(2000);//随机休眠一段时间 this.Result += this.Parame * 10; Debug.Log("Calculate i=" +i+ ", Result=" + Result); } Debug.Log("Calculate Parame=" + Parame); Debug.Log("Calculate Result=" + Result); } } }
[out]
[Main] [before] thread.ThreadState=Unstarted [Main] thread.ThreadState=Running [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Calculate i=0, Result=20 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Calculate i=1, Result=40 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Calculate i=2, Result=60 Calculate Parame=2 Calculate Result=60 [Main] [end] thread.ThreadState=Stopped [Main] ctl.Result=60
使用匿名方法启动线程可以有多个参数和返回值,而且使用非常方便!
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadDelegate : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { StartCoroutine(OnTest()); } IEnumerator OnTest() { int Parame = 2;//当做参数 int Result = 0;//当做返回值 //匿名方法 ThreadStart threadStart = new ThreadStart(delegate() { for(int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) { Thread.Sleep(2000);//随机休眠一段时间 Result += Parame * 10; Debug.Log(time +" [Thread] i=" +i+ ", Result=" + Result); } Debug.Log(time +" [Thread] Parame=" + Parame); Debug.Log(time +" [Thread] Result=" + Result); }); Thread thread = new Thread(threadStart); Debug.Log(time +" [Main] [before] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState); thread.Start(); //等待线程结束 while (thread.ThreadState != ThreadState.Stopped) { Debug.Log(time +" [Main] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState + " Result=" + Result); yield return new WaitForSeconds(1f); } Debug.Log(time +" [Main] [end] thread.ThreadState=" + thread.ThreadState); Debug.Log(time +" [Main] ctl.Result=" + Result); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
30:41:4919 [Main] [before] thread.ThreadState=Unstarted 30:41:4993 [Main] thread.ThreadState=Running Result=0 30:42:4906 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=0 30:43:4906 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=0 30:43:5043 [Thread] i=0, Result=20 30:44:4912 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=20 30:45:5068 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=20 30:45:5072 [Thread] i=1, Result=40 30:46:5076 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=40 30:47:5100 [Main] thread.ThreadState=WaitSleepJoin Result=40 30:47:5118 [Thread] i=2, Result=60 30:47:5121 [Thread] Parame=2 30:47:5124 [Thread] Result=60 30:48:5102 [Main] [end] thread.ThreadState=Stopped 30:48:5106 [Main] ctl.Result=60
BeginInvoke方法可以使用线程异步地执行委托所指向的方法。然后通过EndInvoke方法获得方法的返回值(EndInvoke方法的返回值就是被调用方法的返回值),或是确定方法已经被成功调用。
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadInvoke : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { NewTaskDelegate task = newTask; Log("Main", "BeginInvoke Before"); IAsyncResult asyncResult = task.BeginInvoke(2000, null, null); Log("Main", "EndInvoke Before"); //EndInvoke方法将被阻塞2秒 int result = task.EndInvoke(asyncResult); Log("Main", "result=" + result); } private delegate int NewTaskDelegate(int ms); private int newTask(int ms) { Log("Task", "任务开始"); Thread.Sleep(ms); System.Random random = new System.Random(); int n = random.Next(10000); Log("Task", "任务完成"); return n; } private void Log(string threadName, string msg) { Debug.LogFormat("{0} [{1}] {2}", time, threadName, msg); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
33:39:8422 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 33:39:8535 [Task] 任务开始 33:39:8534 [Main] EndInvoke Before 33:41:8590 [Task] 任务完成 33:41:8595 [Main] result=8484
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadInvokeIsCompleted : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { NewTaskDelegate task = newTask; Log("Main", "BeginInvoke Before"); IAsyncResult asyncResult = task.BeginInvoke(2000, null, null); //等待异步执行完成 while(!asyncResult.IsCompleted) { Log("Main", "asyncResult.IsCompleted=" + asyncResult.IsCompleted); Thread.Sleep(500); } Log("Main", "EndInvoke Before"); // 由于异步调用已经完成,因此, EndInvoke会立刻返回结果 int result = task.EndInvoke(asyncResult); Log("Main", "result=" + result); } private delegate int NewTaskDelegate(int ms); private int newTask(int ms) { Log("Task", "任务开始"); Thread.Sleep(ms); System.Random random = new System.Random(); int n = random.Next(10000); Log("Task", "任务完成"); return n; } private void Log(string threadName, string msg) { Debug.LogFormat("{0} [{1}] {2}", time, threadName, msg); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
44:42:9893 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 44:42:9946 [Task] 任务开始 44:42:9943 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 44:43:4965 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 44:43:9977 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 44:44:4996 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 44:45:0006 [Task] 任务完成 44:45:0010 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 44:45:5025 [Main] EndInvoke Before 44:45:5038 [Main] result=2526
WaitOne的第一个参数表示要等待的毫秒数,在指定时间之内,WaitOne方法将一直等待,直到异步调用完成,并发出通知,WaitOne方法才返回true。当等待指定时间之后,异步调用仍未完成,WaitOne方法返回false,如果指定时间为0,表示不等待,如果为-1,表示永远等待,直到异步调用完成。
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadInvokeWaitOne : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { NewTaskDelegate task = newTask; Log("Main", "BeginInvoke Before"); IAsyncResult asyncResult = task.BeginInvoke(2000, null, null); //等待异步执行完成 while(!asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(500)) { Log("Main", "asyncResult.IsCompleted=" + asyncResult.IsCompleted); } Log("Main", "EndInvoke Before"); // 由于异步调用已经完成,因此, EndInvoke会立刻返回结果 int result = task.EndInvoke(asyncResult); Log("Main", "result=" + result); } private delegate int NewTaskDelegate(int ms); private int newTask(int ms) { Log("Task", "任务开始"); Thread.Sleep(ms); System.Random random = new System.Random(); int n = random.Next(10000); Log("Task", "任务完成"); return n; } private void Log(string threadName, string msg) { Debug.LogFormat("{0} [{1}] {2}", time, threadName, msg); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
04:27:0838 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 04:27:0894 [Task] 任务开始 04:27:5896 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 04:28:0907 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 04:28:5914 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 04:29:0930 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 04:29:0939 [Task] 任务完成 04:29:0943 [Main] EndInvoke Before 04:29:0954 [Main] result=3246
[out] WaitOne(-1)
06:20:8036 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 06:20:8114 [Task] 任务开始 06:22:8166 [Task] 任务完成 06:22:8172 [Main] EndInvoke Before 06:22:8181 [Main] result=2112
[out] WaitOne(0)
08:12:2329 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 08:12:2388 [Task] 任务开始 // 这里相当于每帧调用一次 08:12:2398 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 08:12:2406 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False . . . 08:14:2183 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 08:14:2422 [Task] 任务完成 08:14:2193 [Main] asyncResult.IsCompleted=False 08:14:2550 [Main] EndInvoke Before 08:14:2563 [Main] result=2920
要注意的是“my.BeginInvoke(3,300, MethodCompleted, my)”,BeginInvoke方法的参数传递方式:
前面一部分(3,300)是其委托本身的参数。
倒数第二个参数(MethodCompleted)是回调方法委托类型,他是回调方法的委托,此委托没有返回值,有一个IAsyncResult类型的参数,当method方法执行完后,系统会自动调用MethodCompleted方法。
最后一个参数(my)需要向MethodCompleted方法中传递一些值,一般可以传递被调用方法的委托,这个值可以使用IAsyncResult.AsyncState属性获得。
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System.Threading; using System; public class TestThreadInvokeCallback : MonoBehaviour { public void Test() { NewTaskDelegate task = newTask; Log("Main", "BeginInvoke Before"); IAsyncResult asyncResult = task.BeginInvoke(2, 500, onCallBack, task); // //等待异步执行完成 // while(!asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(500)) // { // Log("Main", "asyncResult.IsCompleted=" + asyncResult.IsCompleted); // } // // Log("Main", "EndInvoke Before"); // // 由于异步调用已经完成,因此, EndInvoke会立刻返回结果 // // 当有回调调用EndInvoke后 Main线程不能再调用EndInvoke方法 // int result = task.EndInvoke(asyncResult); // // Log("Main", "result=" + result); } //回调方法 此方法不是Main线程的 private void onCallBack(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { if (asyncResult == null || asyncResult.AsyncState == null) { Log("CallBack", "回调失败!!!"); return; } int result = (asyncResult.AsyncState as NewTaskDelegate).EndInvoke(asyncResult); Log("CallBack", "任务完成,结果:" + result); } private delegate int NewTaskDelegate(int second, int millisecond); private int newTask(int second, int millisecond) { Log("Task", "任务开始 线程休眠" + (second * 1000 + millisecond) + "毫秒"); Thread.Sleep(second * 1000 + millisecond); System.Random random = new System.Random(); int n = random.Next(10000); Log("Task", "任务完成"); return n; } private void Log(string threadName, string msg) { Debug.LogFormat("{0} [{1}] {2}", time, threadName, msg); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
52:11:4363 [Main] BeginInvoke Before 52:11:4419 [Task] 任务开始 线程休眠2500毫秒 52:13:9475 [Task] 任务完成 52:13:9483 [CallBack] 任务完成,结果:9854
在其他的.net组件中也有类似BeginInvoke和EndInvoke的方法,如System.Net.HttpWebRequest类的BeginGetResponse和EndGetResponse方法。其使用方法类似于委托类型的BeginInvoke和EndInvoke方法,例如:
using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; using System; using System.Net; using System.IO; public class TestThreadHttpWebRequest : MonoBehaviour { public string url = "http://blog.ihaiu.com"; public void Test() { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); //异步请求 IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetResponse(requestCompleted, request); Log("Main", "任务开始"); } //回调函数 此方法不是在Main线程运行 private void requestCompleted(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { if (asyncResult == null || asyncResult.AsyncState==null) { Log("Callback", "回调失败"); return; } HttpWebRequest hwr = asyncResult.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest; HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)hwr.EndGetResponse(asyncResult); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()); string str = sr.ReadToEnd(); Log("Callback","返回流长度:" + str.Length + " " + str); } private void Log(string threadName, string msg) { Debug.LogFormat("{0} [{1}] {2}", time, threadName, msg); } public string time { get { return DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss:ffff"); } } }
[out]
30:13:8687 [Main] 任务开始 30:14:0108 [Callback] 返回流长度:14278 <!DOCTYPE html><!--STATUS OK-->